For years the UK Educational System in Brittan, Raspberry Foundation, and the European Space Agency (ESA) have been running a Space & Technology Education Program on the Intentional Space Station (ISS) using the Raspberry Pi computers. This program has been in proposed in 2011 and up and running since late 2013.
 
Simple and Short History:  
Working with the ESA, the Raspberry Foundation had to build what is known to day as the Astro Pi. The Astro Pi is a combination of a Raspberry Pi Model B+, a Multi-Sensor Board known as the Sense Hat and a 5MPixel Camera encased in an Aircraft Aluminum Case designed for use in Space. It has 6 buttons, a small joystick and access to all the ports on the R-Pi. The Astro Pi had to undergo several revision before a final product could be sent up into space in 2013. Two were sent up to the ISS with the last 2013 ISS shipment on a Soviet Rocket. they were Code-Named Edward and Isabella.
 
All school in Great Brittan must have their own or have access to a Astro Pi set up in order to participate in the program. All programs to be considered to run on the ISS has to be submitted to local district and then city/community district fairs to complete with others and the best chosen for the national selection and competition. Those who win the nationals are then submitted to the ESA for consideration and undergo a security review before sending it to the ISS to be put onto the Astro Pies there for their activation run.
 
To also be considered, the program written must have a minimum of 3 months of Earth Bound Data gathered so it can be compared to the data up in Space. One such example is of one past experiment is "Rate of Cosmic Ray Exposure in Space Compared to Earth," which uses the NoIR camera on the Isabella Astro Pi. The NoIR is a 5MP camera that is sensitive to IR Emissions is also sensitive to Cosmic Rays hitting it and thus one can approximately measure the Cosmic Rays that hit the senor. The Edward Astro Pi has a 5MP camera that is not IR Sensitive, and thus not sensitive to Cosmic Rays unless it is hit with a large discharge.
 
In Nov. 2014, over 120 Astro Pies were sent up to the ISS through Space X, along with food and other supplies. The 120 Astro Pies were to expand the Astro Pi Program to every school in Great Brittan, it is almost 1 Astro Pi for every School District. This shipment would never make as the rocket blew up on the launch pad. The Russians proposed to do an emergency supply run in 2 months - the amount of time to build one of their rockets. ESA told the UK that if they want to send up replacement Astro Pies, there is not enough time. Nor was there enough money, but the schools in each district got together and many of them send up their one own Astro Pi unit and bought a replacement Astro on. In Feb. 2015, the Russians sent up the Emergency supplies, and there was a shipment of 120 Astro Pies included. In 2016, various nation members of  ESA were added to the Astro Pi Program. Even India (through their Indian Space Agency - ISA) was allowed to join into the Astro Pi program.  
 
Since the beginning, a bug in the hardware was discovered - part of the Astro Pi case blocks the Temperature sensor, and thus the temperature sensor reads the internal Astro Pi Casing's temperature and not the environment temperature. If one is using a R-Pi 2, 3 or 3+ (at the time of this writing), these units get hot when running faster than 1GHz and thus heats up the inside of the Astro Pi's internals. Reading the temperature sensor, one can measure the rise in temperature case by these boards. Running a Model B+ board at its stock 700MHz, the temperature tends to remain constant.  
 
During all this time, NASA has shown no interest in the Astro Pi program and has not, nor would not, connect with the ESA for it. Thusly they would not connect it to their Space Education program, which ended at the retirement of the Space Shuttle. Now they recently decided to join into the Astro Pi program.
 
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/2429.html